The routine and its subsidiaries will now
return an error status as supplied by PDA_XERMSG.
SUBROUTINE PDA_DEFC (NDATA, XDATA, YDATA, SDDATA, NORD, NBKPT, BKPT,
+ MDEIN, MDEOUT, COEFF, LW, W, STATUS)
***BEGIN PROLOGUE PDA_DEFC
***PURPOSE Fit a piecewise polynomial curve to discrete data.
The piecewise polynomials are represented as B-splines.
The fitting is done in a weighted least squares sense.
***LIBRARY SLATEC
***CATEGORY K1A1A1, K1A2A, L8A3
***TYPE DOUBLE PRECISION (EFC-S, PDA_DEFC-D)
***KEYWORDS B-SPLINE, CONSTRAINED LEAST SQUARES, CURVE FITTING
***AUTHOR Hanson, R. J., (SNLA)
***DESCRIPTION
This subprogram fits a piecewise polynomial curve
to discrete data. The piecewise polynomials are
represented as B-splines.
The fitting is done in a weighted least squares sense.
The data can be processed in groups of modest size.
The size of the group is chosen by the user. This feature
may be necessary for purposes of using constrained curve fitting
with subprogram DFC( ) on a very large data set.
For a description of the B-splines and usage instructions to
evaluate them, see
C. W. de Boor, Package for Calculating with B-Splines.
SIAM J. Numer. Anal., p. 441, (June, 1977).
For further discussion of (constrained) curve fitting using
B-splines, see
R. J. Hanson, Constrained Least Squares Curve Fitting
to Discrete Data Using B-Splines, a User’s
Guide. Sandia Labs. Tech. Rept. SAND-78-1291,
December, (1978).
Input.. All TYPE REAL variables are DOUBLE PRECISION
NDATA,XDATA(*),
YDATA(*),
SDDATA(*)
The NDATA discrete (X,Y) pairs and the Y value
standard deviation or uncertainty, SD, are in
the respective arrays XDATA(*), YDATA(*), and
SDDATA(*). No sorting of XDATA(*) is
required. Any non-negative value of NDATA is
allowed. A negative value of NDATA is an
error. A zero value for any entry of
SDDATA(*) will weight that data point as 1.
Otherwise the weight of that data point is
the reciprocal of this entry.
NORD,NBKPT,
BKPT(*)
The NBKPT knots of the B-spline of order NORD
are in the array BKPT(*). Normally the
problem data interval will be included between
the limits BKPT(NORD) and BKPT(NBKPT-NORD+1).
The additional end knots BKPT(I),I=1,...,
NORD-1 and I=NBKPT-NORD+2,...,NBKPT, are
required to compute the functions used to fit
the data. No sorting of BKPT(*) is required.
Internal to PDA_DEFC( ) the extreme end knots may
be reduced and increased respectively to
accommodate any data values that are exterior
to the given knot values. The contents of
BKPT(*) is not changed.
NORD must be in the range 1 .LE. NORD .LE. 20.
The value of NBKPT must satisfy the condition
NBKPT .GE. 2*NORD.
Other values are considered errors.
(The order of the spline is one more than the
degree of the piecewise polynomial defined on
each interval. This is consistent with the
B-spline package convention. For example,
NORD=4 when we are using piecewise cubics.)
MDEIN
An integer flag, with one of two possible
values (1 or 2), that directs the subprogram
action with regard to new data points provided
by the user.
=1 The first time that PDA_DEFC( ) has been
entered. There are NDATA points to process.
=2 This is another entry to PDA_DEFC(). The sub-
program PDA_DEFC( ) has been entered with MDEIN=1
exactly once before for this problem. There
are NDATA new additional points to merge and
process with any previous points.
(When using PDA_DEFC( ) with MDEIN=2 it is import-
ant that the set of knots remain fixed at the
same values for all entries to PDA_DEFC( ).)
LW
The amount of working storage actually
allocated for the working array W(*).
This quantity is compared with the
actual amount of storage needed in PDA_DEFC( ).
Insufficient storage allocated for W(*) is
an error. This feature was included in PDA_DEFC
because misreading the storage formula
for W(*) might very well lead to subtle
and hard-to-find programming bugs.
The length of the array W(*) must satisfy
LW .GE. (NBKPT-NORD+3)*(NORD+1)+
(NBKPT+1)*(NORD+1)+
2*MAX(NDATA,NBKPT)+NBKPT+NORD**2
Output.. All TYPE REAL variables are DOUBLE PRECISION
MDEOUT
An output flag that indicates the status
of the curve fit.
=-1 A usage error of PDA_DEFC( ) occurred. The
offending condition is noted with the SLATEC
library error processor, PDA_XERMSG( ). In case
the working array W(*) is not long enough, the
minimal acceptable length is printed.
=1 The B-spline coefficients for the fitted
curve have been returned in array COEFF(*).
=2 Not enough data has been processed to
determine the B-spline coefficients.
The user has one of two options. Continue
to process more data until a unique set
of coefficients is obtained, or use the
subprogram DFC( ) to obtain a specific
set of coefficients. The user should read
the usage instructions for DFC( ) for further
details if this second option is chosen.
COEFF(*)
If the output value of MDEOUT=1, this array
contains the unknowns obtained from the least
squares fitting process. These N=NBKPT-NORD
parameters are the B-spline coefficients.
For MDEOUT=2, not enough data was processed to
uniquely determine the B-spline coefficients.
In this case, and also when MDEOUT=-1, all
values of COEFF(*) are set to zero.
If the user is not satisfied with the fitted
curve returned by PDA_DEFC( ), the constrained
least squares curve fitting subprogram DFC( )
may be required. The work done within PDA_DEFC( )
to accumulate the data can be utilized by
the user, if so desired. This involves
saving the first (NBKPT-NORD+3)*(NORD+1)
entries of W(*) and providing this data
to DFC( ) with the "old problem" designation.
The user should read the usage instructions
for subprogram DFC( ) for further details.
STATUS
Returned error status.
The status must be zero on entry. This
routine does not check the status on entry.
Working Array.. All TYPE REAL variables are DOUBLE PRECISION
W(*)
This array is typed DOUBLE PRECISION.
Its length is specified as an input parameter
in LW as noted above. The contents of W(*)
must not be modified by the user between calls
to PDA_DEFC( ) with values of MDEIN=1,2,2,... .
The first (NBKPT-NORD+3)*(NORD+1) entries of
W(*) are acceptable as direct input to DFC( )
for an "old problem" only when MDEOUT=1 or 2.
Evaluating the
Fitted Curve..
To evaluate derivative number IDER at XVAL,
use the function subprogram PDA_DBVALU( ).
F = PDA_DBVALU(BKPT,COEFF,NBKPT-NORD,NORD,IDER,
XVAL,INBV,WORKB)
The output of this subprogram will not be
defined unless an output value of MDEOUT=1
was obtained from PDA_DEFC( ), XVAL is in the data
interval, and IDER is nonnegative and .LT.
NORD.
The first time PDA_DBVALU( ) is called, INBV=1
must be specified. This value of INBV is the
overwritten by PDA_DBVALU( ). The array WORKB(*)
must be of length at least 3*NORD, and must
not be the same as the W(*) array used in the
call to PDA_DEFC( ).
PDA_DBVALU( ) expects the breakpoint array BKPT(*)
to be sorted.
***REFERENCES R. J. Hanson, Constrained least squares curve fitting
to discrete data using B-splines, a users guide,
Report SAND78-1291, Sandia Laboratories, December
1978.
***ROUTINES CALLED PDA_DEFCMN
***REVISION HISTORY (YYMMDD)
800801 DATE WRITTEN
890531 Changed all specific intrinsics to generic. (WRB)
890531 REVISION DATE from Version 3.2
891214 Prologue converted to Version 4.0 format. (BAB)
900510 Change Prologue comments to refer to PDA_XERMSG. (RWC)
900607 Editorial changes to Prologue to make Prologues for EFC,
PDA_DEFC, FC, and DFC look as much the same as possible. (RWC)
920501 Reformatted the REFERENCES section. (WRB)
950403 Implement status. (HME)
***END PROLOGUE PDA_DEFC